Sunday, 22 March 2015

Gestalt : Figure-Ground and Principles of Grouping

When first tasked with creating a gestalt drawing, I found it difficult to get inspiration. I tried to create an ‘ambiguous figure’ of a breakfast that also doubled as a face, but unfortunately it looked childish and crude as I did not fully understand the concept.




Fig 1, my first ‘Ambiguous Figure’, marker on paper, (2015)

But as I looked into the gestalt theories more, I realised I had more inspiration than I first thought. I did not understand just how many different types of ‘ambiguous figure’s there are, so I did some research of different illustrators who used the guise of ‘negative space’ as a way of creating ‘ambiguous figures’1. They used the figure-ground and grouping theories to challenge the mind, changing the visual perceptions a person’s mind goes through when viewing a subject. It allows the mind to change its way of seeing, so multiple subjects can be seen in the image but not at the same time as the mind likes to create a figure-ground separation2.

Figure-ground pictures are usually created with a figure on top of a ground/background. This is the very basic form of the theory that the mind likes to organise the perception of what the eyes are seeing. It allows us to use little effort to differentiate a figure from the background of an image3.
Pairing this theory with the principles of grouping we get ‘ambiguous figures’. An image can look to be a complete random splatter but due to the way things are grouped on the image, it can produce a figure or figures on top of a background4. Usually these images are made in blocks of colour, so different layers can be distinguished easier.

I wanted to create something similar to the work of Noma Bar, so I decided to research his work5,6 and find an image that inspires me.


Fig 2, Noma Bar’s S.M.L, screenprint, 103(w) x 141(h) cm, (unknown)

I took inspiration from this image, as I felt it was one of the most striking images as well as being quite a simple concept which can be filled in with many different animals or even objects. ‘Noma Bar is a highly prolific artist whose graphic works are celebrated for their impact and simplicity’7.


Fig 3, my second attempt at an ambiguous figure, Wolf and Deer, digital, (2015)

I feel this image is so much stronger than my last; it really gets the point across a lot easier and it is much less childlike. Using the digital medium made creating the different blocks of colour easier, and I feel it looks much more in keeping with other negative space illustrations. A negative towards it is that it is not very stylised; it instead is quite realistic but blocked in colour. This could be changed with developing the idea further, with even another animal or some vegetation added to create more of a narrative.

References:

   (1)    Kerrie Hughes and Aaron Kitney, (2014)
   (2)    Ian E. Gordon, (2004) p. 16
   (3)    Ian E. Gordon, (2004) p. 15
   (4)    Ian E. Gordon, (2004) p. 118
   (5)    Ekran, (2012)
   (6)    Dutch Uncle, (Unknown)
   (7)    Eyestorm, (2013)

Bibliography:

Dutch Uncle, unknown. Noma Bar. [Online] [Accessed February 2015] Available from:  http://www.dutchuncle.co.uk/noma-bar
Ekran, 2012. 10 Most Inspiring Illustration Posters by Noma Bar. [Online] [Accessed February 2015] Available from: http://www.themost10.com/inspiring-illustration-posters-by-noma-bar/
Eyestorm, 2013. Noma Bar, S.M.L (Acrylic), 2013. [Online] [Accessed February 2015] Available from: http://www.eyestorm.com/Pages/Product.aspx/Noma_Bar/S.M.L_%28Acrylic%29/4581329
Gordon, Ian E. (2004). Theories of Visual Perception. 3 Edition. Psychology Press.
Kerrie Hughes and Aaron Kitney, 2014. The Art of Negative Space: 25 Amazing Examples. [Online] [Accessed February 2015] Available from: http://www.creativebloq.com/art/art-negative-space-8133765

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